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What Decisions Require HR Sign-Off That CEOs Need to Know?

Decision Authority Guide

You’re the CEO. Your department manager wants to fire an underperforming employee today. You think it’s the right call, so you approve it.

 

Three months later, you’re facing a wrongful termination lawsuit that could have been prevented with a 30-minute HR review.

 

After two decades of helping businesses through HR crises, we’ve learned this: The most expensive mistakes CEOs make aren’t from bad decisions—they’re from making the right decisions without proper HR review. The difference between a clean termination and a $75,000 settlement often comes down to one question that was never asked.

 

(If you’re about to approve a major personnel decision right now, pause for five minutes and read this!)

🚨 The Critical Pattern We See Repeatedly

The Dangerous CEO Mindset:

“I own this company. I can make any decision I want about employees.”

 

Technically true. You have the legal authority.

Practically disastrous. You lack the specialized knowledge to avoid catastrophic mistakes.

What 20 Years of HR Crisis Work Teaches:

The companies that face the fewest lawsuits and compliance nightmares aren’t the ones where CEOs make all the decisions. They’re the ones where CEOs know which decisions require expert review before they’re made.

 

Common pattern:

  • CEO approves termination without HR review → Employee files discrimination claim
  • CEO implements new policy without compliance check → Department of Labor violation
  • CEO negotiates departure without legal review → Enforceable non-compete fails

The companies that avoid these messes do one thing differently: They establish clear decision review protocols before crises force them to.

Understanding Decision Authority vs. Signing Authority

These Are Two Different Things:

Signing Authority (covered in our previous guide):

  • Who can sign documents after decisions are made
  • Focus: Legal authorization to execute paperwork
  • Question: “Can I legally sign this termination letter?”

Decision Authority (this guide):

  • What decisions need expert review before they’re made
  • Focus: Risk mitigation and compliance
  • Question: “Should I consult HR before making this decision?”

Why This Distinction Matters:

You may have the authority to sign a termination letter, but that doesn’t mean you should make the termination decision without first consulting HR. The signature is just the final step—the decision process is where most mistakes happen.

The Decision Risk Framework

Four Risk Categories:

Based on two decades of pattern observation, employment decisions fall into four risk levels:

 

Low Risk: Safe for executives to make independently 

Medium Risk: Should involve HR consultation 

High Risk: Requires HR expert review 

Critical Risk: Needs both HR and legal review

 

Let me break down each category with real-world examples.

📗 Category 1: Low-Risk Decisions (Safe to Make Independently)

These decisions carry minimal legal risk and typically don’t require HR review:

 

Examples:

  • Approving routine vacation requests
  • Standard performance feedback for high performers
  • Approving attendance at training/conferences
  • Routine expense approvals
  • Department budget adjustments
  • Project assignments and team reorganization
  • Flexible work schedule arrangements (non-protected categories)

Why These Are Low Risk:

  • No legal compliance implications
  • Documented in existing policies
  • Reversible without legal consequences
  • Standard business operations

When HR Review IS Needed:

Even low-risk decisions need HR review if they involve:

  • 🚩 Protected class considerations (pregnancy, disability, religion, etc.)
  • 🚩 Pattern of disparate treatment
  • 🚩 Potential discrimination claims

Pattern Observation: After helping hundreds of companies, we’ve learned that even “routine” decisions can become high-risk if they create patterns. Approving one vacation request is low-risk. Denying all vacation requests from employees over 50? That’s age discrimination waiting to happen.

📘 Category 2: Medium-Risk Decisions (Should Involve HR Consultation)

These decisions benefit from HR input but don’t always require formal review:

Examples:

  • Creating new performance improvement plans
  • Implementing new company policies
  • Changing employee classifications (exempt/non-exempt)
  • Adjusting compensation outside normal cycles
  • Reassigning employees to new roles
  • Denying accommodation requests
  • Handling interpersonal workplace conflicts

Why HR Consultation Helps:

  • Ensures compliance with employment laws
  • Documents decisions properly
  • Identifies potential discrimination issues
  • Maintains consistency across the organization

Cost of Getting It Wrong:

  • Department of Labor violations: $1,000-10,000+ per violation
  • Misclassification penalties: Back wages plus damages
  • Inconsistent treatment claims: $20,000-50,000 average settlement

Our Honest Assessment as Brokers:

Companies that consult HR on medium-risk decisions avoid most compliance problems. The 30-minute consultation, which costs $150-$ 300, prevents the $25,000 settlement down the road.

📕 Category 3: High-Risk Decisions (Requires HR Expert Review)

These decisions create significant legal exposure and need expert review before execution:

Examples:

  • All terminations (yes, even “obvious” ones)
  • Disciplinary actions beyond verbal warnings
  • Layoffs or reductions in force
  • Workplace investigation findings
  • Harassment or discrimination complaints
  • Accommodation denials (ADA, pregnancy, religious)
  • FMLA administration and denials
  • Wage and hour classification decisions
  • Non-compete or restrictive covenant enforcement

Why Expert Review Is Critical:

 

According to EEOC data, wrongful termination claims cost employers an average of $125,000 in legal defense and settlements. Most of these could have been prevented with a proper HR review identifying:

  • Missing progressive discipline documentation
  • Discriminatory timing (terminating during pregnancy, after disability disclosure)
  • Retaliation concerns (recent complaints or protected activity)
  • Inconsistent treatment compared to similar situations
  • Insufficient documentation to defend the decision

The 20-Year Pattern:

 

 

Companies that require HR review before terminations face 70-80% fewer wrongful termination claims. Not because they terminate fewer people—but because they terminate the right people, at the right time, with the proper documentation.

 

What HR Review Typically Costs:

  • Fractional HR consultation: $150-400 per decision review
  • Per-decision legal review: $500-1,500
  • Wrongful termination lawsuit: $75,000-200,000+

The math is obvious.

📔 Category 4: Critical-Risk Decisions (Requires HR AND Legal Review)

These decisions carry severe legal and financial consequences:

 

Examples:

  • Terminations involving protected activity (recent EEOC complaint, safety complaints, union activity)
  • Separation agreements with releases
  • Class action or pattern-and-practice risk situations
  • Executive terminations with employment contracts
  • Whistleblower situations
  • Workplace violence concerns
  • Major restructurings affecting multiple employees
  • Responding to government agency investigations

Why Both HR and Legal Are Necessary:

HR Expertise Provides:

 

  • Employment best practices
  • Documentation requirements
  • Compliance with labor regulations
  • Risk assessment

Legal Expertise Provides:

 

  • Lawsuit risk analysis
  • Release agreement validity
  • Statutory compliance verification
  • Litigation strategy if challenged

Cost of Getting These Wrong:

Research shows employment litigation costs vary dramatically:

 

  • Simple wrongful termination defense: $75,000-125,000
  • Retaliation claims: $100,000-250,000
  • Class action settlements: $500,000-5,000,000+
  • Executive wrongful termination: $200,000-1,000,000+

Pattern From 20 Years: Every company that skipped legal review on critical-risk decisions and got sued said the same thing: “I wish we’d spent the $2,000 for the review.”

Special Situations Requiring Immediate HR Review

Red Flag Situations - Stop and Get Expert Input:

Call HR expert support immediately if the decision involves:

 

🚩 Timing Concerns:

  • Employee recently disclosed pregnancy
  • An employee recently requested disability accommodation
  • The employee recently filed an internal complaint
  • Employee recently engaged in protected activity (safety complaint, wage complaint)

🚩 Protected Categories:

  • Disability or perceived disability
  • Pregnancy or family status
  • Religious accommodation
  • Age (especially 40+)
  • Military service or veteran status

🚩 Pattern Risks:

  • Multiple employees in the same protected class are affected
  • Inconsistent treatment compared to similar past situations
  • Potential disparate impact on protected groups

🚩 Documentation Gaps:

  • No progressive discipline history
  • Performance concerns were never documented
  • Different standards applied than past practices

Reality Check from 20 Years of Experience:

 

We’ve never seen a company regret getting expert review on these situations. We’ve seen dozens regret not getting it.

Establishing Decision Review Protocols in Your Company

Your 48-Hour Implementation Plan:

 

Step 1: Categorize Your Common Decisions

  • List the 20 most common employment decisions you make
  • Assign risk levels using the framework above
  • Document which decisions require what level of review

Step 2: Create Decision Authority Matrix

  • Define who can make which decisions independently
  • Specify required review/approval for higher-risk decisions
  • Include an escalation process for unusual situations

Step 3: Establish Review Procedures

  • How quickly can the manager get an HR consultation?
  • What documentation is required before high-risk decisions?
  • Who provides legal review when needed?

Step 4: Train Your Leadership Team

  • Communicate the new framework
  • Provide examples and scenarios
  • Make the review process easy, not bureaucratic

Multi-State & Multi-Location Considerations

Geographic Complexity:

According to Department of Labor data, employment law varies significantly by state, creating decision-making challenges:

 

The Complications:

  • California has stricter meal/rest break rules
  • New York has different harassment training requirements
  • Colorado has unique pay transparency mandates
  • Illinois has specific biometric privacy protections

What This Means for Decision Authority:

 

A decision that’s low-risk in Texas might be high-risk in California. Companies with multi-state operations require HR expertise that understands the nuances of jurisdictional differences.

 

Our Observation as Brokers:

 

The companies that handle multi-state decision-making well work with providers who:

✅ Maintain current knowledge of state-specific requirements

✅ Can quickly identify jurisdiction-specific risks

✅ Have experience with multi-state compliance

✅ Consult state-specific legal counsel when needed

How MBS Helps with Decision Authority Issues

Our Broker Role:

As brokers, we don’t make HR decisions for you—we connect you with HR providers who can:

 

Decision Support Services:

  • On-demand consultation for medium/high-risk decisions
  • Documented review process for terminations and discipline
  • Multi-state compliance expertise
  • Legal counsel coordination for critical decisions

Framework Implementation:

  • Help establish a decision authority matrix
  • Train leadership on risk assessment
  • Create review protocols
  • Provide escalation paths

Ongoing Partnership:

  • Regular consultation availability
  • Pattern monitoring across decisions
  • Policy compliance review
  • Risk assessment updates

What Makes Our Approach Different:

We’re Transparent About:

  • Which decisions truly need expert review (many don’t)
  • Cost-benefit of different review levels
  • When you need legal counsel (not just HR)
  • Realistic risk assessment (not fear-mongering)

Our Promise:

We only succeed when you make better decisions that protect your business. We’re not incentivized to make every decision seem high-risk—we’re incentivized to help you accurately assess risk and get appropriate expertise when needed.

Questions to Ask Any HR Provider

About Decision Support:

  • “How quickly can I reach someone for decision consultation?”
  • “What’s your process for reviewing termination decisions?”
  • “Do you have multi-state employment law expertise?”
  • “When do you recommend involving legal counsel?”

About Experience & Expertise:

  • “How many wrongful termination cases have you helped prevent?”
  • “What’s your experience with [your specific industry]?”
  • “Can you provide examples of high-risk decisions you’ve reviewed?”
  • “What credentials do your HR professionals have?” (PHR, SPHR, J.D.?)

About Practical Implementation:

  • “What documentation do you require before reviewing decisions?”
  • “How do you balance thorough review with business urgency?”
  • “What’s your after-hours availability for urgent situations?”
  • “How do you help train our managers on decision authority?”

Cost & ROI Reality Check

What Decision Support Actually Costs:

DIY Approach (Highest Risk):

  • CEO time researching: 5-10 hours per complex decision
  • Potential liability: $75,000-200,000+ per wrongful termination
  • Stress and distraction: Significant but unquantified
  • Timeline: Uncertain, decisions delayed while researching

Per-Decision HR Consultation:

  • Medium-risk review: $150-300
  • High-risk review (termination): $400-800
  • Provides expert guidance but no ongoing relationship
  • Timeline: Usually same-day or next-day review

Fractional HR with Decision Support (Recommended):

  • Monthly retainer: $2,000-8,000 depending on company size
  • Includes unlimited decision consultations
  • Ongoing relationship provides context and consistency
  • Timeline: Immediate access for urgent decisions
  • Risk mitigation: Professional liability insurance coverage

Per-Decision Legal Review:

  • Critical-risk review: $1,000-3,000
  • Necessary for specific high-stakes situations
  • Provides litigation risk analysis
  • Timeline: 1-3 days typically

The ROI Calculation:

According to SHRM research:

  • Average wrongful termination lawsuit: $125,000
  • Average settlement (if not dismissed): $40,000-75,000
  • Legal defense even for winning cases: $75,000-100,000

If fractional HR prevents just ONE lawsuit every 2-3 years, it pays for itself.

 

Most companies using fractional HR for decision support prevent 3-5 potential lawsuits annually through:

  • Proper termination review and documentation
  • Accommodation request handling
  • Discrimination risk identification
  • Consistent policy application

Your Next Steps

If You’re About to Make a High-Risk Decision:

📞 Call us immediately: 407-863-0222

 

We’ll assess your situation within business hours and:

  • Evaluate the risk level of your pending decision
  • Connect you with appropriate HR or legal experts
  • Provide immediate guidance to mitigate risk
  • No obligation for ongoing services

If You Want to Establish Better Decision Protocols:

📧 Email: [email protected]

 

We’ll help you:

  • Review your current decision-making processes
  • Identify decision authority gaps and vulnerabilities
  • Understand your options for fractional HR support
  • Develop a risk assessment framework for your company

Research Sources & Additional Information

The guidance in this article is informed by:

 

For specific legal questions about decision authority in your jurisdiction, consult with an employment law attorney licensed in your state.

About Merritt Business Solutions

Merritt Business Solutions is an HR solutions broker connecting businesses with optimal HR service providers. We specialize in helping CEOs and executives establish effective decision-making frameworks and access expert consultation for high-risk employment decisions.

 

Our Certifications:

  • Certified Women’s Business Enterprise
  • NGLCC Certification as an LGBTQ+ business

Our Approach: We don’t make HR decisions for you—we connect you with vetted HR experts who can provide the specialized knowledge you need. Our success is measured by the lawsuits you avoid and the compliance problems you prevent, not by maximizing placement fees.

 

Contact:

Legal Disclaimer: This guide provides general information about HR decision authority and should not be considered legal advice. Employment law varies significantly by state, industry, and company structure. Consult with qualified HR professionals and employment law attorneys for guidance on your specific decisions. Merritt Business Solutions is an HR broker and does not provide legal services.

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